I’ve got a quote further down the page:

Read the complete quote and also try some of the associated distraction tests.

In the video you can enjoy the dramatic moment when the lights inexplicably dim and I think I’m being thrown off stage.

(Slides for ‘Designing ebooks for ePub reading engines’)

Locations of My Documents change

I had loaded my local books in the Digital Editions folder, but after the update I had nothing listed on the Nook under My Documents. I moved them to the actual my documents folder and now they show up. I don’t know if this is a real problem for most people who probably put them in the right place in the first case, but it’s worth knowing if your books suddenly “disappeared.”

Rendering tests

Opening The People of the Abyss still takes a long time (about 30 seconds, enough that I initially thought it wasn’t going to work at all). Jumping into a chapter takes long enough that I get an OS-level error saying that the application is stalled (answering “wait” will eventually work).

• Going backwards into a previous chapter still shows no loading message, when loading can take time.
• Moving between chapters in this edition still takes 20-30 seconds.
• As described, pagination is now cached in the current book outside of the reading mode. Meaning, if you stop reading a particular book and browse the store, clicking Reading Now will return to the current book without re-paginating.

  However, going to a new book first and then returning to a previous book does trigger re-pagination, even if the settings have not changed.

• O’Reilly books still show a Formatting… message indefinitely, requiring a reboot.
• I didn’t see any improvements in foreign character set support. Books in Chinese still display properly in the metadata but “????” placeholders in the content.
• I do like that you don’t have to go through the “info” screen to read a book; selecting a title from the list goes directly into the content.

Possibly-new complaints

I can’t remember if it worked this way before, but when I’m in a book and I hit the back-arrow, I expect it to take me back to my list of books. Instead I get bounced to the main “flower” screen. This means there are multiple “clicks” required to move from one book to another and I found that very annoying.

I noticed that my library book (checked out for the previous report) has three days remaining according to Adobe Digital Editions on the desktop, but I can’t retrieve this information on the Nook itself. The book info page just provides other metadata like title and file path.

While I was reading one title (without complex CSS) it took multiple attempts to get the LCD screen to come back up by tapping on the screen. Using the hardware button did wake it up immediately. I hadn’t noticed this particular problem before.

So the changes as described in the Teleread post are nice, but the issues I had haven’t been addressed, unfortunately.

This isn’t a full review of the device. In particular, I don’t cover purchasing books or reading PDB or PDF books at all. I was mainly interested in evaluating the Nook as a general-purpose ePub reader.

Adobe Mobile SDK

Like other e-ink devices, the Nook uses the Adobe Mobile SDK as its rendering system. This means that some of the same features and quirks found in Adobe Digital Editions and earlier e-ink devices like the Sony Reader should apply here.

However, I didn’t know whether the version of the Mobile SDK on the Nook would be any more recent or evolved than the ADE or Sony versions (I have a PRS-505). So I experimented with the ePub rendering in the way I would any new device.

Test set

As you might imagine I have a lot of ePub books lying around. I tried a variety of commercial and non-commercial books, some generated via InDesign or other automated processes, and some coded in XHTML/CSS by hand.

Library lending

The Boston Public Library subscribes to the OverDrive ebook offering and there are a number of titles in ePub format. I checked out a book, and when Digital Editions started up it discovered the Nook (connected via USB) and asked if it wanted to authorize it. I was then able to transfer the library book over with no issues.

It did take a minute to find the book on the device: books copied via ADE end up in My Documents rather than in the main B&N books list. Since it’s just a regular filesystem, I think many users will probably manually copy books into just one place to keep it simpler.

Top level filesystem on the Nook. Files uploaded via ADE end up in Digital Editions

Library book on the Nook. Hey, all the good books had holds on them.

Fonts

The Nook comes with three fonts: two serif and one sans-serif. In most ePubs I tried, changing the font face had no effect.

The image is blurry but you can vaguely see that while I have the font set to Helvetica Neue (which is sans-serif), the title and text are still in the serif font.

In another book I was able to change the font to sans-serif, but it didn’t apply equally throughout the content. A subset of the text that had its own styling remained serif:

Click to enlarge; see “The experiences” at the beginning of the chapter.

Font size changes did work as expected.

General UI comments

Changes in the local filesystem aren’t auto-detected. When you add a new book via USB, you have to manually “check for updates” to see the changes.

Selecting a book only brings up a rudimentary metadata page. While this is the kind of thing a nerd like me wants to see, does anyone else really care about the filesystem location of the book?

Only after selecting “Read” from the touch screen do you get to the cover image.

Language support

One of the things I was really hoping would be improved in the Nook relative to other Mobile SDK-derived products was international character support. Unfortunately, that is no better than ADE or similar readers:

Frustratingly, the Chinese book shown above did display Chinese characters in the listing of my library. I’m assuming this is because the Android OS is perfectly capable of reading the UTF-8 characters and has a Chinese font on-board, but the Mobile SDK does not.

I also tried an Arabic book with an embedded font, and while the font is displayed, the book’s text does not run right-to-left, and the necessary ligatures aren’t rendered. This is the same behavior as ADE. (Stanza and web-based readers like Bookworm display this same book correctly.)

Rendering performance

Here’s where things really fell down for me. I tried an edition of The People of the Abyss by Jack London. Mike Cane used this book to demonstrate some problems with ADE’s rendering.

This is a complex ebook though by no means an extreme outlier. It is hand-coded, which means that it doesn’t have unnecessary auto-generated markup, and it’s valid.

Many ereaders that paginate only render chapters on request, rather than at book loading time. That’s a good practice; it lets users get reading as soon as possible, and defers boring loading messages as long as possible. The Nook seems to be no different. When toggling between chapters (not pages), the user will generally get a “Formatting” alert; my guess is that it’s laying out each page based on the current font settings and content. You get a similar message when adjusting font settings, which also requires re-rendering.

Somewhat unprofessionally, the loading messages often aren’t middle-aligned correctly.

In most books I tested, the re-formatting between chapters or font changes took between 4-5 seconds. That’s slightly longer than the Kindle 1 or Sony PRS-505, which are the two devices I have for comparison.

For this particular book, re-formatting a chapter or going to a new chapter took 30 seconds.

Chapter renders are cached, but only in memory. If you close a book and re-open it, you get the same “Formatting” message again, and it will take just as long as before, even if you haven’t changed any settings.

(Jumping ahead into the book via the table of contents and then going “back” to a chapter you haven’t read before triggers the long rendering process, but no loading message is displayed. It looks like the device just hangs.)

This book demonstrated the same issues that ADE did in Mike Cane’s original post, so I don’t believe that the CSS support is any different in the Nook.

Loading failures

I tried loading a number of O’Reilly Media titles that are valid and work on the Sony Reader and every other ePub device. The Nook only brought up the “Formatting” message, and then hung. Only a full restart would bring it back.

This is an extremely serious problem.

Edited Dec 12, 2009 to reflect independent confirmation of this.

Hardware comments

I actually like the hardware quite a bit. While I’m right-handed, I like holding my ereader in my left hand and being able to turn pages that way. I prefer the Kindle 1 button placement to later Kindle versions, and I really dislike the hard, awkwardly-positioned buttons on the Sony 505. The Nook’s are easy to operate with either hand and don’t suffer from the extreme “bump” sensitivity of the Kindle 1.

I also didn’t have nearly as much of a problem with the LCD touch screen as other reviewers. Yes, the scrolling is quite slow and inaccurate, but single touch operations were responsive. Generally I found the interface intuitive, but your mileage may vary.

My one big complaint with the hardware is the weight. In the course of just 15 minutes of holding it, my hand got tired. I’m not sure the LCD screen is worth the strain.

Overall

I imagine that the books purchased on the B&N store won’t show these issues (especially those that are PDB rather than ePub with full CSS). But one of the key advantages of the Nook over the Kindle is its ability to read ePub from other sources.

While many of the rendering limitations are the same as those on the PRS-505 (now over a year old), I don’t have the same expectations in a new, more expensive device. The lack of support for non-English languages and non-Roman scripts is totally unacceptable, especially when the device’s operating system already comes with that support.

I do hope that the language issues and especially the performance bugs are resolved quickly, as non-B&N publishers may get hit hard on returns for non-functional books that are absolutely valid and should work.

I’ll post a real report on the device after I’ve had time to evaluate it.

As soon as I’ve finished the book, the device prompts me to rate it (4 stars!). It also knows about my social connections. It asks me if I’d recommend it to my friend, who has enjoyed similar books, and I say yes.

The next morning my friend wakes up and picks up his e-reader. There’s a recommendation from me — and a 20% discount to purchase this book immediately. This $5 digital book is now just four bucks, and it’s instantly on his device.

Once he accepts, I get 20% off my next purchase too, and a “karma point” in my profile for a successful recommendation.

I think we can all agree that this is a don’t.

(There’s a free sample though!)

Sometimes the issues are minor: occasional spacing errors, missing or overzealous capitalization.  Other times they can be more prevalent.  A friend recently purchased Sarah Vowell’s The Wordy Shipmates from the Kindle store and many of the quotation marks were mangled (it’s likely the wrong encoding was used).

Amazon responded to the customer complaint very quickly, saying that they would notify the publisher and my friend could re-download the corrected book when it was posted. They also gave him a credit for an additional purchase. That’s a good outcome, obviously, but you never have to return a printed book because the punctuation is wrong.

Clearly the quality control needs to be on the publisher end, as each individual bookseller can’t be responsible for checking all of the digital books they offer.  The recent survey conducted at the Frankfurt Book Fair found that 60% of the respondents did not have an ereader, and while I don’t think everyone involved in book publishing actually needs to own one, I’d hope that any group distributing ebooks would be able to review them in the same way that their customers are receiving them.  If you sell Kindle books, someone on your team should have a Kindle and should check at least a representative sample of your offerings, especially if your group is new to digital distribution.

The best thing readers can do to improve ebook quality is to complain.  For now I believe the focus should be on simple fidelity: does this ebook at least contain the same text as the printed version?  Eventually, though, expectations about digital books should rise to the point of considering design. This is especially true when the ePub format is capable of supporting embedded fonts and the same level of aesthetic sophistication that’s present on the web.  Books can be works of art, and ebooks can be beautiful too.

Of course, going from text to scanned images is exactly backwards from the way things ought to be.

In all likelihood, this was a one-shot deal: I bought a book, I liked it, I’ll tell a few people, and at best there might be one additional sale.

Now imagine it’s 2am and I’ve read this book on my second-generation networked digital reader, maybe the Kindle 2.0.  As soon as I’ve finished the book, the device prompts me to rate it (4 stars!).  It also knows about my social connections.  It asks me if I’d recommend it to my friend, who has enjoyed similar books, and I say yes.

The next morning my friend wakes up and picks up his e-reader.  There’s a recommendation from me — and a 20% discount to purchase this book immediately. This $5 digital book is now just four bucks, and it’s instantly on his device.

Once he accepts, I get 20% off my next purchase too, and a “karma point” in my profile for a successful recommendation.

Social

People overwhelmingly buy books based on personal recommendations.  Reading is normally a solitary activity; the only way to share the experience of a book is to urge friends to read it too.  It’s curious that Amazon.com has hardly any social component, whereas Netflix (which loses money every time I rent a movie) has a very useful but underpromoted “Friends” area. I rent movies directly off my friends’ queues all the time, but I still buy books from Amazon after speaking with someone or reading anonymous reviews.

The combination of social networking and instant media transmission on devices like the Kindle can revolutionize this experience, by motivating readers at the moment they’ve read the book, and pushing high-value content directly at other consumers.

(Social patterns do not need to be two-way. Twitter has established the convention that people can “follow” others without the expectation of being “friended” back.  So while I might “friend” people I know, I may also want to “follow” the reading habits of favorite authors, or books promoted on The Daily Show, or books disproportionately read by people in my geographic community.)

Anti-DRM

I call this an “anti-DRM” pattern is because DRM is unnecessary here.  Libraries are full of free books and yet books are still purchased.  A lot of that is convenience.  The more convenient a service is, the more value it has.  Even if it were possible for me to grab that digital book off the device and email it to my friend for free, would I bother?  Most likely I’d forget before I ever got around to it.  My own discount is a nice bonus, but the primary motivator would be the desire to share the experience combined with negligible personal effort.

Lazy

And let’s suppose that people did send around free digital books.  If I didn’t have an e-ink reader, what would I do with them?  After I got a few freebies from friends I’d probably go buy a Kindle, and then that seductive “share this book” button would take hold.  The existence of some free books is an incentive to move up to a specialized device.  They create the necessary ecosystem and will ultimately motivate, not destroy, publishing sales.

High-volume readers are not the same demographic as high-volume music consumers.  They are older, they are well-educated, they have better things to do with their time than email free books.  (Not to mention that most readers probably know a writer; few teenagers know a rock star.)  Nearly everyone who gets a Kindle says that they make more purchases, and the current Kindle store is technologically and psychologically primitive.  To compete in a networked world, digital books need to come alive, and enlist readers to promote them.